Figure 3  Common 03– Flow Demands

Pressure loss through Fittings, Valves and Pipe Entrances and Exits are modelled by associating these items with the appropriate pipe. In the top example a pipe entry K factor flow coefficient (0.78) has been added to model the projecting pipe entrance from the left hand tank and a pipe exit K factor flow coefficient (1.00) has been added to model the open pipe exit.


Four Standard Bends and an Angled Globe Valve have also been associated with the pipes.

A small bend symbol appears on the pipe to show that fittings have been included.

A small valve symbol appears on the pipe to show that valves have been included.


In the bottom model, the start elevation, end elevation and the overall the pipe length, have been set to create an equivalent system to the one in the top model. A pipe entrance (from tank), 4 x standard bends, an angled globe valve and a open pipe exit have been associated with the single pipe.